To descend, a bathyscaphe floods air tanks with sea water, but unlike a submarine the water in the flooded tanks cannot be displaced with compressed air to ascend, because the water pressures at the depths for which the craft was designed to operate are too great. Īuguste Piccard, inventor of the first bathyscaphe, composed the name bathyscaphe using the Ancient Greek words βαθύς ( bathús), meaning "deep", and σκάφος ( skáphos), meaning "vessel, ship". Buoyancy at the surface can be trimmed easily by replacing gasoline with water, which is denser. By contrast, the crew cabin must withstand a huge pressure differential and is massively built. The incompressibility of the gasoline means the tanks can be very lightly constructed, since the pressure inside and outside the tanks equalises, eliminating any differential. The float is filled with gasoline because it is readily available, buoyant, and, for all practical purposes, incompressible. Bathyscaphe Trieste before its only dive into the Mariana Trench The Trieste in 1958Ī bathyscaphe ( / ˈ b æ θ ɪ ˌ s k eɪ f, - ˌ s k æ f/) is a free-diving, self-propelled deep-sea submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a Bathysphere, but suspended below a float rather than from a surface cable, as in the classic Bathysphere design.
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